Deliberación y democracia
una respuesta a Gallardo
Palabras clave:
democracia deliberativa, democracia competitiva, Javier GallardoResumen
En este breve artículo examino el modelo de democracia deliberativa defendido recientemente por Javier Gallardo (2009) con el fin de mostrar cuándo y bajo qué condiciones su propuesta es problemática. En primer lugar discuto por qué su propuesta corre el riesgo de terminar siendo una variante de democracia competitiva que dudosamente pueda corregir los problemas normativos y políticos que Gallardo encuentra en ese modelo democrático. En segundo lugar examino el alcance de su propuesta. Gallardo no dedica demasiado espacio en explicar quiénes son los sujetos de la deliberación democrática ni cuáles son los ámbitos donde esos agentes deberían deliberar. Si su modelo de democracia deliberativa no es lo suficientemente inclusivo, entonces su propuesta puede perder el valor normativo y político que el autor sugiere que tiene. Si por el contrario, su modelo es altamente inclusivo se corre el riesgo de adoptar un esquema de decisión altamente costoso e impracticable.
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Referencias
Bachtiger, Andre et al. (2010). "Disentangling Diversity in Deliberative Democracy: Competing Theories, Their Blind Spots and Complementarities", The Journal of Political Philosophy, 18 (1):32–63.
Bohman, James and William Rehg (eds). (1997). Deliberative Democracy: Essays on Reason and Politics. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
Bohman, James (1998). "Survey Article: The Coming of Age of Deliberative Democracy" Journal of Political Philosophy 6:400-425.
Chambers, Simone (2003). "Deliberative Democratic Theory", Annual Review of Political Science 6:307-326.
Cohen, Joshua (1997). "Procedure and Substance in Deliberative Democracy", En J. Bohman y W. Rehg (eds.), Deliberative Democracy. Cambridge MA: MIT Press, pp. 407–37.
Dahl, Robert (1989). Democracy and its Critics. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Elster, Jon (1992). Local Justice. New York: Sage Publishing.
Elstub, Stephen (2010). "The Third Generation of Deliberative Democracy", Political Studies Review, Vol 8, 291-307.
Farrelly, Colin (2004). An Introduction to Contemporary Political Theory. London: Sage Publications.
Freeman, Samuel (2000). "Deliberative Democracy: A Sympathetic Comment", Philosophy and Public Affairs 29:371-418.
Gallardo, Javier (2005). "Diálogo en la República", Revista Polis 1 (1):57-89
Gallardo, Javier (2009). "Elogio modesto a la deliberación política", Revista Uruguaya de Ciencia Política, 18 (1):85-115.
Galston, Miriam (1994). "Taking Aristotle Seriously: Republican-Oriented Legal Theory and the Moral Foundation of Deliberative Democracy", California Law Review, 82 (2): 330-399.
Gutmann, Amy and Dennis Thompson (1996). Democracy and Disagreement. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
Hardin, Russell (1999). "‘Deliberation: Method, Not Theory." In Stephen Macedo (ed) Deliberative Politics: Essays on Democracy and Disagreement. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Habermas, Jurgen (1996). Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory on Law and Democracy. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Macedo, Stephen (ed.) (1999). Deliberative Politics: Essays on Democracy and Disagreement. Oxford UP.
Mansbridge, Jane et al. (2010). "The Place of Self-Interest and the Role of Power in Deliberative Democracy", Journal of Political Philosophy, 18 (1):64–100.
Mouffe, Chantall (2000). The Democratic Paradox. New York: Verso.
Rawls, John (1993). Political Liberalism. New York: Columbia University Press
Przeworski, Adam (1998). "Deliberation and Ideological Domination", En Jon Elster (ed) Deliberative democracy. Cambridge MA: Cambridge University Press
Przeworski, Adam (1999). A Minimalist Conception of Democracy. En I. Shapiro and C. Hacker-Cordon (eds.). Democracy’s Value, Cambridge: Cambridge Universit Press, pp. 23-55.
Riker, William H. 1982. Liberalism against Populism. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.
Sanders, Lynn (1997). "Against Deliberation", Political Theory 25:347-376.
Schumpeter, Joseph A. (1947). Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. New York: Harper and Row Publishers.
Shapiro, Ian (2002). "Optimal Deliberation", Journal of Political Philosophy, 10 (2):196-211.
Stone, Peter (2007). "Why Lotteries Are Just", The Journal of Political Philosophy: 15 (3): 276–295
Stone, Peter (2009). "Lotteries, Justice and Probability", Journal of Theoretical Politics 21(3): 395–409
Thompson, Dennis (2008). "Deliberative Democratic Theory and Empirical Political Science", Annual Review of Political Science, 11 (1), 497–520.
Walzer, Michael (1999). "Deliberation, and What Else?". In Macedo (ed) 1999. Deliberative Politics: Essays on Democracy and Disagreement, Oxford UP.
Bohman, James and William Rehg (eds). (1997). Deliberative Democracy: Essays on Reason and Politics. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.
Bohman, James (1998). "Survey Article: The Coming of Age of Deliberative Democracy" Journal of Political Philosophy 6:400-425.
Chambers, Simone (2003). "Deliberative Democratic Theory", Annual Review of Political Science 6:307-326.
Cohen, Joshua (1997). "Procedure and Substance in Deliberative Democracy", En J. Bohman y W. Rehg (eds.), Deliberative Democracy. Cambridge MA: MIT Press, pp. 407–37.
Dahl, Robert (1989). Democracy and its Critics. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Elster, Jon (1992). Local Justice. New York: Sage Publishing.
Elstub, Stephen (2010). "The Third Generation of Deliberative Democracy", Political Studies Review, Vol 8, 291-307.
Farrelly, Colin (2004). An Introduction to Contemporary Political Theory. London: Sage Publications.
Freeman, Samuel (2000). "Deliberative Democracy: A Sympathetic Comment", Philosophy and Public Affairs 29:371-418.
Gallardo, Javier (2005). "Diálogo en la República", Revista Polis 1 (1):57-89
Gallardo, Javier (2009). "Elogio modesto a la deliberación política", Revista Uruguaya de Ciencia Política, 18 (1):85-115.
Galston, Miriam (1994). "Taking Aristotle Seriously: Republican-Oriented Legal Theory and the Moral Foundation of Deliberative Democracy", California Law Review, 82 (2): 330-399.
Gutmann, Amy and Dennis Thompson (1996). Democracy and Disagreement. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
Hardin, Russell (1999). "‘Deliberation: Method, Not Theory." In Stephen Macedo (ed) Deliberative Politics: Essays on Democracy and Disagreement. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Habermas, Jurgen (1996). Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory on Law and Democracy. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Macedo, Stephen (ed.) (1999). Deliberative Politics: Essays on Democracy and Disagreement. Oxford UP.
Mansbridge, Jane et al. (2010). "The Place of Self-Interest and the Role of Power in Deliberative Democracy", Journal of Political Philosophy, 18 (1):64–100.
Mouffe, Chantall (2000). The Democratic Paradox. New York: Verso.
Rawls, John (1993). Political Liberalism. New York: Columbia University Press
Przeworski, Adam (1998). "Deliberation and Ideological Domination", En Jon Elster (ed) Deliberative democracy. Cambridge MA: Cambridge University Press
Przeworski, Adam (1999). A Minimalist Conception of Democracy. En I. Shapiro and C. Hacker-Cordon (eds.). Democracy’s Value, Cambridge: Cambridge Universit Press, pp. 23-55.
Riker, William H. 1982. Liberalism against Populism. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman.
Sanders, Lynn (1997). "Against Deliberation", Political Theory 25:347-376.
Schumpeter, Joseph A. (1947). Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. New York: Harper and Row Publishers.
Shapiro, Ian (2002). "Optimal Deliberation", Journal of Political Philosophy, 10 (2):196-211.
Stone, Peter (2007). "Why Lotteries Are Just", The Journal of Political Philosophy: 15 (3): 276–295
Stone, Peter (2009). "Lotteries, Justice and Probability", Journal of Theoretical Politics 21(3): 395–409
Thompson, Dennis (2008). "Deliberative Democratic Theory and Empirical Political Science", Annual Review of Political Science, 11 (1), 497–520.
Walzer, Michael (1999). "Deliberation, and What Else?". In Macedo (ed) 1999. Deliberative Politics: Essays on Democracy and Disagreement, Oxford UP.
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Publicado
2018-10-24
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Réplica
Cómo citar
Deliberación y democracia: una respuesta a Gallardo. (2018). Revista Uruguaya De Ciencia Política, 19(1), 207-218. https://rucp.cienciassociales.edu.uy/index.php/rucp/article/view/180
