Patronage and Partisan Mobilization Strategies
Evidence from the Sub-national Governments of Uruguay
Keywords:
Patronage, Political Competition, Partisan Mobilization StrategiesAbstract
How can we explain the variation in patronage politics across subnational governments in Uruguay? This paper tests several hypotheses in the literature on political representation to explain the provision of patronage in nineteenth local governments during 1994-2005. The paper makes a critic to traditional pluralist arguments to propose a new thesis based on party mobilization strategies. In particular I argue that political parties relying on mobilization strategies outside state or bureaucratic structure have more incentives to control and limit patronage given that their electoral success does not depend on this resource.
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References
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Gervasoni, Carlos (2006). A Rentier Theory of Subnational Authoritarian Enclaves: The Politically Regressive Effects of Progressive Federal Revenue Redistribution; preparado para la entrega del 2006 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association. Philadelphia, Copyright by the American Political Science Association.
Gibson, Edward L. (2004). Subnational Authoritarianism: Territorial Strategies of Political Control in Democratic Regimes. Preparado para la entrega del 2004 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, September 2- September 5, 2004. Copyright by the American Political Science Association.
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O"Donnell, Guillermo (1997). Contrapuntos. Ensayos escogidos sobre autoritarismo y democratización. Editorial Paidós, Buenos Aires.
O"Dwyer, Conor (2004). "Runaway State Building. How Political Parties Shape States in Postcommunist Easter Europe". World Politics July, 56. pp. 520-553.
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Robinson, James and Thierry Verdier (2002). "Political Economy of Clientelism", CEPR Discussion Paper No. 3205, February.
Schady, Norbert R. (2000). "The Political Economy of Expenditures by the Peruvian Social Fund (FONCODES), 1991-95. American Political Science Review, June. Vol.94, Nº2. pp. 289-304
Scott, James C. (1972). "Patron-Client Politics and Political Change in Southeast Asia". The American Political Science Review, March ,Vol. 66, Nº1.pp.91-113.
Scott, James C. (1969). "Corruption, Machine Politics, and Political Change". The American Political Science Review, December, Vol. 63, Nº4. pp. 1142-1158.
Shefter, Martin (1994). Political parties and the state. The American historical experience. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
Smulovitz, Catalina and Enrique Peruzzotti (2000). "Societal Accountability in Latin America", en Journal of Democracy, October Volume 11, Number 4. pp. 147-158.
Stokes, Susan (2007). "Political Clientelism". Handbook of Comparative Politics, Edited by Carles Boix and Susan Stokes. Oxford University Press, Oxford. pp. 604.
Winn, Peter and Lilia Ferro-Clérigo (1997). "Can a Leftist Government Make a Difference? The Frente Amplio Administration of Montevideo, 1990-1994", en Chalmers, Douglas, A., Carlos M. Vilas, Katherine Hite, Scott B. Martin, Kerianne Piester, and Monique Segarra (eds), The New Politics of Inequality in Latin America. Rethinking Participation and Representation. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Bill Chavez, Rebecca. (2003). "The construction of the rule of law in Argentina: a tale of two provinces. Comparative Politics, July, Vol. 35, Nº4. pp. 417-437.
Borges, André (2007). "Rethinking State Politics: The Withering of State Dominant Machines in Brazil", Brazilian Political Science Review, December, Vol.2. pp. 108-156.
Brusco, Valeria, Marcelo Nazareno and Susan Stokes (2004). "Vote Buying in Argentina". Latin America Research Review. June, Vol. 39, Nº2.. pp. 66-87.
Bottinelli, Oscar O. (1999). "Los efectos políticos de la reforma constitucional". En http://www.factum.edu.uy/estpol/sispol/sip99001.html#inicio (visitado el 11 de octubre del 2008).
Caetano, Gerardo y José Rilla (1985). "El sistema de partidos: raíces y permanencias". En De la tradición a la crisis. Pasado y presente de nuestro sistema de partidos. CLAEH. EBO, Montevideo.
Calvo, Ernesto y Victoria Murillo (2004). "Who Delivers? Partisan Clients in the Argentine Electoral Market". American Journal of Political Science. October, Vol.48, Nº4. pp. 742-747.
Fox, Jonathan (1997). "The Difficult Transition from Clintelism to Citizenship: Lessons from Mexico". En The New Politics of Inequality in Latin America. Rethinking Participation and Representation. Edited by Douglas, A. Chalmers, Carlos M. Vilas, Katherine Hite, Scott B. Martin, Kerianne Piester, and Monique Segarra. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Geddes, Bárbara (1991). "A Game Theoretic Model of Reform in Latin America Democracies". American Political Science Review. Vol.85, Nº2. June. Pág. 371-392.
Gervasoni, Carlos (2006). A Rentier Theory of Subnational Authoritarian Enclaves: The Politically Regressive Effects of Progressive Federal Revenue Redistribution; preparado para la entrega del 2006 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association. Philadelphia, Copyright by the American Political Science Association.
Gibson, Edward L. (2004). Subnational Authoritarianism: Territorial Strategies of Political Control in Democratic Regimes. Preparado para la entrega del 2004 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, September 2- September 5, 2004. Copyright by the American Political Science Association.
Grzymala-Busse, Anna (2006). "The Discreet Charm of Formal Institutions. Postcommunist Party Competition and State Oversight ". Comparative Political Studies, December, Volume 39, Number 10, pp. 1-30.
Hagopian, Frances, Carlos Gervasoni, and Juan Andrés Moraes (2007). "From Patronage to Program: The Emergence of Party-Oriented Legislators in Brazil". Working Paper #344. Kellogg Institute. December.
Hopkin, Jonathan (2006). Conceptualizing Political Clientelism: Political Exchange and Democratic Theory. Paper prepared for APSA annual meeting, Philadelphia, 31 August- 3 September 2006. Panel 46-18 "Concept Analysis: Unpacking Clientelism, Governance and Neoliberalism".
Keefer, Philip E. and Razvan Vlaicu (2005). Democracy, Credibility and Clientelism. Working Paper, Series 3472, Development Research Group, the World Bank.
Kitschelt, Herbert P. and Steven Wilkinson (2007). "Citizen-politician linkages: an introduction". En Patrons, Clients, and Policies. Patterns of Democratic Accountability and Political Competition, edited by Herbert Kitschelt and Steven I. Wilkinson. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Lanzaro, Jorge (2004). De la izquierda corporativa a la izquierda "nacional y popular". En La izquierda uruguaya entre la oposición y el gobierno. Jorge Lanzaro (coord.). Editorial Fin de Siglo. Montevideo. Pág.20-46.
Lopez, Santiago (2005). "Partidos desafiantes en América Latina: representación política y estrategias de competencia de las nuevas oposiciones". Revista de Ciencia Política. Vol. 25, Nº2. Pág. 37-64.
Luna, Juan Pablo (2004). La política desde el llano. Conversaciones con militantes barriales, EBO, Montevideo.
Magaloni, Beatríz, Alberto Diaz-Cayeros and Federico Estévez (2007). "Clientelism and portfolio diversification: a model of electoral investment with applications to Mexico". En Patrons, Clients, and Policies. Patterns of Democratic Accountability and Political Competition, edited by Herbert Kitschelt and Steven I. Wilkinson. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Magri, Altair (2003). La capacidad de gestión y administración de los gobiernos departamentales en el Uruguay. Documento de trabajo Nº 40, FCS, Departamento de Ciencia Política.
Mainwaring, Scott (1999). "Patronage, Clientelism, and Patrimonialism". En Rethinking party systems in the Third Wave of Democratization. The case of Brazil. Stanford University Press, Stanfod, CA.
Medina, Luis Fernando and Susan Stokes (2002). Clientelism as Political Monopoly. Trabajo presentado al annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Boston Marriott Copley Place, Sheraton Boston & Hynes Convention Center, Boston, Massachusetts, Aug 28, 2002.
Moraes, Juan Andrés (1997) "Mayoría automática en el Uruguay: la experiencia de los gobiernos departamentales (1984 – 1994)". Revista Uruguaya de Ciencia Política nº 10. pp.47-77.
O´Donnell, Guillermo (2004). "Notas sobre la Democracia en América Latina". En La Democracia en América Latina. Hacia una Democracia de Ciudadanas y Ciudadanos. El Debate Conceptual sobre la Democracia. Informe PNUD. pp. 11-82.
O"Donnell, Guillermo (2002). "Las poliarquías y la (in)efectividad de la ley en América Latina". En Méndez J.E., O"Donnell. G; Pinheiro, P.S (comp).La (in)efectividad de la ley y la exclusión en América latina. Editorial Paidós, Argentina. pp. 305-336.
O"Donnell, Guillermo (2001) "Accountability Horizontal. La Institucionalización Legal de la Desconfianza Política". ISONOMÍA, Nº14. pp. 7-31.
O"Donnell, Guillermo (1997). Contrapuntos. Ensayos escogidos sobre autoritarismo y democratización. Editorial Paidós, Buenos Aires.
O"Dwyer, Conor (2004). "Runaway State Building. How Political Parties Shape States in Postcommunist Easter Europe". World Politics July, 56. pp. 520-553.
PNUD (2005). Uruguay hacia una estrategia de desarrollo humano basada en el conocimiento. Informe desarrollo humano en Uruguay 2005. PNUD.
Panizza, Francisco (1990). Uruguay: Batllismo y después. Pacheco, militares y tupamaros en la crisis del Uruguay batllista. EBO, Uruguay.
Robinson, James and Thierry Verdier (2002). "Political Economy of Clientelism", CEPR Discussion Paper No. 3205, February.
Schady, Norbert R. (2000). "The Political Economy of Expenditures by the Peruvian Social Fund (FONCODES), 1991-95. American Political Science Review, June. Vol.94, Nº2. pp. 289-304
Scott, James C. (1972). "Patron-Client Politics and Political Change in Southeast Asia". The American Political Science Review, March ,Vol. 66, Nº1.pp.91-113.
Scott, James C. (1969). "Corruption, Machine Politics, and Political Change". The American Political Science Review, December, Vol. 63, Nº4. pp. 1142-1158.
Shefter, Martin (1994). Political parties and the state. The American historical experience. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
Smulovitz, Catalina and Enrique Peruzzotti (2000). "Societal Accountability in Latin America", en Journal of Democracy, October Volume 11, Number 4. pp. 147-158.
Stokes, Susan (2007). "Political Clientelism". Handbook of Comparative Politics, Edited by Carles Boix and Susan Stokes. Oxford University Press, Oxford. pp. 604.
Winn, Peter and Lilia Ferro-Clérigo (1997). "Can a Leftist Government Make a Difference? The Frente Amplio Administration of Montevideo, 1990-1994", en Chalmers, Douglas, A., Carlos M. Vilas, Katherine Hite, Scott B. Martin, Kerianne Piester, and Monique Segarra (eds), The New Politics of Inequality in Latin America. Rethinking Participation and Representation. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
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Published
2018-10-25
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How to Cite
Patronage and Partisan Mobilization Strategies: Evidence from the Sub-national Governments of Uruguay. (2018). Revista Uruguaya De Ciencia Política, 18(1), 139-162. https://rucp.cienciassociales.edu.uy/index.php/rucp/article/view/207
