Prácticas internacionales
Palabras clave:
teoría de las prácticas, ontología, teoría social, interacción estratégica, prácticas de seguridadResumen
En este artículo se aborda la política mundial a través de los lentes de sus diversas prácticas, que son definidas como actuaciones competentes. Estudiar Relaciones Internacionales (RI) desde la perspectiva de las prácticas internacionales promete tres avances clave. El primero implica que se puede entender la teoría de las RI y la política internacional mejor o de forma diferente. La política mundial puede ser concebida como estructurada por prácticas, las que dan significados a las acciones internacionales, hacen posible la interacción estratégica, y son reproducidas, cambiadas y reforzadas por las acciones e interacciones internacionales. Este enfoque ayuda a expandir la ontología de la política mundial, sirve como punto focal sobre el cual estructurar los debates de la teoría de RI, y puede ser usado como unidad de análisis que transciende el entendimiento tradicional de los niveles de análisis. Se ilustra qué es una práctica internacional revisando el trabajo seminal de Thomas Schelling sobre negociaciones. El segundo avance, con la ayuda de ilustraciones sobre prácticas de disuasión y control de armas durante la Guerra Fría y la pos-Guerra Fría, tales como seguridad cooperativa, muestra como las prácticas constituyen interacción estratégica y negociación de modo más general. Finalmente, desde la perspectiva de las prácticas se abre el camino a una innovadora y apasionante agenda de investigación que sugiere nuevas preguntas y puzzles, y lleva a revisar conceptos centrales de la disciplina, como el poder, la historia y la estrategia.
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